Periodization — organizing training into phases or blocks — outperformed non-periodized programs for strength in a 2017 meta-analysis, with modest average advantages and no evidence that one structure beats all others.
FIFA confirmed in December 2025 that every 2026 World Cup match will have hydration breaks; the evidence on heat, sweat and drinking explains why.
Meta-analyses suggest ten or more hard weekly sets per muscle roughly double the growth seen with single-digit set counts, with diminishing — not zero — returns beyond that.
An hour-by-hour look at what sports nutrition research supports eating and drinking before and during a marathon.
The Milan Cortina 2026 mountain venues sit well above sea level, and the evidence on eating and drinking for altitude and cold explains what changes for winter endurance athletes.
For hypertrophy, weekly training volume — measured in hard sets per muscle — has the stronger dose-response evidence, while intensity mostly decides whether the set was hard enough, not how heavy it felt.