Low energy availability: the warning signs athletes should know
RED-S and low energy availability describe the same core problem: fueling that does not cover training plus basic physiology. Here are the documented markers.
RED-S and low energy availability describe the same core problem: fueling that does not cover training plus basic physiology. Here are the documented markers.
The classic week-long depletion protocol is obsolete. Modern carbohydrate loading takes one to three days, and the trials show who benefits and who does not.
Endurance training raises iron losses in several documented ways. What the research says about who gets screened, and what low ferritin means.
Periodization — organizing training into phases or blocks — outperformed non-periodized programs for strength in a 2017 meta-analysis, with modest average advantages and no evidence that one structure beats all others.
FIFA confirmed in December 2025 that every 2026 World Cup match will have hydration breaks; the evidence on heat, sweat and drinking explains why.
Meta-analyses suggest ten or more hard weekly sets per muscle roughly double the growth seen with single-digit set counts, with diminishing — not zero — returns beyond that.